चंद्रशेखर
Chandrashekhar (Chandra hai Shikhar par jiske arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: The compound attributively describes Lord Shiva as the deity who bears the crescent moon upon His head.
Bahuvrihi Samas (Exocentric / Attributive Compound)
Neither element dominant; refers to an external third referent
जिस समास में पूर्व पद और उत्तर पद में से कोई भी पद प्रधान नहीं होता, अपितु दोनों पद मिलकर किसी तीसरे अन्य संज्ञा पद (व्यक्ति, देवता या विशेष वस्तु) की ओर संकेत करते हैं, उसे बहुव्रीहि समास कहते हैं।
An exocentric compound in which neither constituent element is head; instead, the entire compound functions as an attributive epithet denoting a third external entity.
Samanadhikarana Bahuvrihi
जिसमें दोनों पद प्रथमा विभक्ति के होते हैं और मिलकर किसी अन्य व्यक्ति का विशेषण बनते हैं।
Vyadhikarana Bahuvrihi
जिसमें पूर्व पद और उत्तर पद भिन्न-भिन्न कारक विभक्तियों में होते हैं।
समस्त पद किसी पौराणिक देवता, ऐतिहासिक पात्र या विशेष उपाधि का पर्यायवाची/रूढ़ शब्द होता है। विग्रह करने पर अंत में अनिवार्य रूप से "अर्थात्..." लिखकर तीसरे व्यक्ति का नाम स्पष्ट होता है।
The word is almost invariably an epithet or conventional title for a deity, mythological figure, or unique entity. Vigrah always specifies "arthaat..." (meaning/referring to [third person]).
हिंदी व्याकरण की सभी प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं (CTET, REET, UP-TET, TGT/PGT, State PSC) में बहुव्रीहि समास का कर्मधारय और द्विगु के साथ तुलनात्मक प्रश्न सबसे अधिक बार पूछा जाता है।
Chandrashekhar (Chandra hai Shikhar par jiske arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: The compound attributively describes Lord Shiva as the deity who bears the crescent moon upon His head.
Neelkanth (Neela hai Kanth jiska arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Referring to Lord Shiva who held the cosmic poison in His throat during the churning of the ocean, turning it blue.
Trilochan (Teen hain Lochan jiske arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Though "tri" is a numeral, the compound does not indicate an aggregate but acts as an epithet for three-eyed Lord Shiva.
Trinetra (Teen hain Netra jiske arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Both elements jointly describe the third entity Lord Shiva as the possessor of three eyes.
Gangadhar (Ganga ko dharan karne wale arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Lord Shiva who caught and held the cascading heavenly Ganges in His matted hair locks.
Shoolpani (Shool hai Paani mein jiske arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Lord Shiva as the supreme ascetic holding the trident in His hand.
Aashutosh (Aashu tusht hone wale arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Lord Shiva signifying One who is easily and swiftly appeased by simple devotion.
Pashupati (Pashuon ke pati arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Lord Shiva as the sovereign master and protector of all living souls (beings).
Digambar (Dishaayein hain ambar jinke arthat Shiva / Jain Muni)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes one whose garments are the cardinal directions themselves (sky-clad ascetic).
Mrityunjay (Mrityu ko jeetne wale arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Lord Shiva as the Conqueror of Death and the ultimate bestower of immortality.
Bhootnath (Bhooton ke nath arthat Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of Lord Shiva as the master of spirits, primal elements, and celestial attendants.
Chakrapani (Chakra hai Paani mein jiske arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Lord Vishnu as the wielder of the Sudarshana discus in His hand.
Kamalapati (Kamala ke pati arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: Both words attributively refer to the third external entity Lord Vishnu as the consort of Goddess Kamala (Lakshmi).
Chaturbhuj (Chaar hain Bhujaayein jiski arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: Though starting with a numeral, the compound functions as a conventional title for four-armed Lord Vishnu.
Murlidhar (Murli ko dharan karne wale arthat Krishna)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Lord Krishna as the divine flute-player.
Giridhar (Giri ko dharan karne wale arthat Krishna)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of Lord Krishna who lifted Mount Govardhan on His little finger to shelter the people of Gokul.
Damodar (Daam se bandha tha udar jiska arthat Krishna)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of infant Krishna whose waist (udar) was tied with a cord (daam) to a mortar by Mother Yashoda.
Chakradhar (Chakra ko dharan karne wale arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Lord Vishnu as the Supreme Bearer of the cosmic discus.
Padmanabh (Padma hai naabhi mein jiske arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of Lord Vishnu from whose navel sprouts the cosmic lotus bearing Brahma, the creator.
Garuddhwaj (Garud hai dhwaj par jiske arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes Lord Vishnu whose divine battle standard displays the emblem of Garuda.
Janardan (Jan dwara yaachna par kripa karne wale arthat Vishnu)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Lord Vishnu as the benevolent benefactor and protector of all mortals.
Pankaj (Pank mein janm leta hai jo arthat Kamal)
Grammar Logic: Though literally "born of mud", it conventionally denotes exclusively the sacred lotus flower.
Jalaj (Jal mein janm leta hai jo arthat Kamal)
Grammar Logic: Attributively designates the lotus flower born in aquatic waters, functioning as a conventional epithet.
Lambodar (Lamba hai Udar jiska arthat Ganesh)
Grammar Logic: Neither "long" nor "belly" is the focus; the compound is an epithet referring exocentrically to Lord Ganesha.
Gajanan (Gaj ke saman aanan hai jiska arthat Ganesh)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Lord Ganesha who possesses the elephant-shaped divine countenance.
Ekdant (Ek hai dant jiska arthat Ganesh)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of single-tusked Lord Ganesha who retained a single tusk after an encounter with Parashurama.
Vakratunda (Vakra hai tund jiski arthat Ganesh)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Lord Ganesha possessing the curved elephantine trunk.
Shadanana (Shat hain aanan jiske arthat Kartikeya)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes the six-headed deity Lord Kartikeya, the commander of celestial forces.
Veenapani (Veena hai Paani mein jiske arthat Saraswati)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Goddess Saraswati who holds the divine lute (veena) in Her hand.
Veenavadini (Veena ka vaadan karne wali arthat Saraswati)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Goddess Saraswati as the divine player of the veena.
Padmasana (Padma hai aasan jiska arthat Lakshmi)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of Goddess Lakshmi or Saraswati who is seated upon the divine pink lotus throne.
Ashtabhuja (Aath hain bhujaayein jiski arthat Durga)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes eight-armed Goddess Durga wielding divine weapons for cosmic protection.
Simhavahini (Simha hai vaahan jiska arthat Durga)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Goddess Durga who rides upon the ferocious lion as Her divine mount.
Hansavahini (Hansa hai vaahan jiska arthat Saraswati)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Goddess Saraswati whose divine mount is the graceful swan (hansa).
Dinkar (Din ko karne wale arthat Surya)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes the Sun God as the Creator of Day (din).
Divakar (Diva ko karne wale arthat Surya)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of the Sun as the dispenser of light and day (diva).
Pawanputra (Pawan ke putra arthat Hanuman)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes Lord Hanuman as the divine son of the Wind God (Pavana).
Vajrapani (Vajra hai Paani mein jiske arthat Indra)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Indra, king of the gods, who holds the celestial thunderbolt (vajra) in his hand.
Sahastraksha (Sahastra hain akshiyan jiski arthat Indra)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Lord Indra who possesses a thousand watchful eyes.
Hutashan (Hut ka ashan karne wali arthat Agni)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Fire (Agni) who consumes sacrificial oblations (huta) during sacred rituals.
Paawak (Pavitra karne wali arthat Agni)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes Fire as the supreme purifying element.
Dashanana (Das hain Aanan jiske arthat Ravana)
Grammar Logic: Though "dasa" is a numeral, the word does not denote a mere group, but functions as the epithet of Ravana.
Meghnaad (Megh ke saman naad hai jiski arthat Indrajit)
Grammar Logic: Epithet of Ravana's eldest warrior son Indrajit whose battle roar was like thunderclouds.
Kumbhakarna (Kumbh ke saman karn hain jiske arthat Kumbhakarna)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes Ravana's gargantuan brother with ears as broad as water-pots.
Panchanan (Paanch hain aanan jiske arthat Shiva / Singh)
Grammar Logic: An epithet signifying five-faced Lord Shiva or the broad-faced lion as king of beasts.
Nishachar (Nisha mein vicharan karta hai jo arthat Rakshas)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes nocturnal demons or night-prowling owls who wander in darkness.
Ananga (Angon se rahit hai jo arthat Kamadeva)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of Kamadeva (cupid) who lives bodiless (without physical limbs) in the human heart after being burnt by Shiva.
Manmath (Man ko mathne wala arthat Kamadeva)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of the Love Deity Kamadeva who agitates and churns human hearts with affection.
Chaturanan (Chaar hain aanan jiske arthat Brahma)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of four-faced Lord Brahma, creator of the cosmos who recites the four Vedas.
Patitpawan (Patiton ko pawan karne wale arthat Ram/Ishwar)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of the Supreme Divine or Lord Rama as the Purifier and Redeemer of the fallen.
Trilokinath (Teeno lokon ke nath arthat Ishwar)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes the Supreme Lord as Sovereign Master of the three cosmic realms.
Vishdhar (Vish ko dharan karne wala arthat Saanp)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes the venomous serpent as the bearer of deadly poison.
Mrigendra (Mrigon ka indra arthat Singh)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of the lion as the sovereign monarch (Indra) of all woodland beasts.
Shakhamrig (Shakhaon ka mrig arthat Bandar)
Grammar Logic: Attributively describes a monkey as the tree-branch deer jumping swift and nimble.
Barahsingha (Barah hain seeng jiske arthat Hiran vishesh)
Grammar Logic: An epithet of the swamp deer (barasingha) possessing twelve-tined antlers.
Kanphata (Kaan hain phate hue jiske arthat Nath-panthi Sadhu)
Grammar Logic: Attributively denotes an initiate ascetic of the Gorakhnath Nath yogi order wearing large ear-rings.
Anshumaalee (Anshu hain maala jiski - Surya)
Grammar Logic: Neither constituent word is dominant; together they signify the third entity "Sun God" (garlanded with rays).
Makaradhwaja (Makar hai dhwaja par jiske - Kamadeva)
Grammar Logic: The compound refers to the third entity Kamadeva, whose celestial banner bears a crocodile crest.
Meenaketu (Meen hai ketu par jiske - Kamadeva)
Grammar Logic: Both terms are subordinate, designating the third deity Kamadeva whose pennant bears a fish.
Chandramauli (Chandrama hai mauli par jiske - Shiva)
Grammar Logic: The compound indicates Lord Shiva, on whose crown/head (mauli) the crescent moon rests.
Bhalachandra (Bhal par hai chandra jiske - Shiva/Ganesh)
Grammar Logic: The compound points to Lord Shiva or Ganesha whose forehead bears the celestial moon.
Umapatee (Uma ke pati hain jo - Shiva)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies Lord Shiva as the divine consort of Goddess Uma (Parvati).
Shashishekhara (Shashi hai shikhar par jiske - Shiva)
Grammar Logic: Both terms designate Lord Shiva who bears the crescent moon on the crown of his matted locks.
Vyomakesha (Vyom hai kesh jiske - Shiva)
Grammar Logic: The compound refers to Lord Shiva whose cosmic locks encompass the vast sky (Vyoma).
Nataraja (Naton ke raja hain jo - Shiva)
Grammar Logic: This epithet is exclusively conventionalized for Lord Shiva in his supreme cosmic dancer role.
Vageesha (Vaak ke eesh hain jo - Brahma/Brihaspati)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies the presiding lord of celestial speech, Lord Brahma or Brihaspati.
Kamalasana (Kamal hai aasan jiska - Brahma)
Grammar Logic: The compound denotes Creator Lord Brahma, whose divine throne is the primordial lotus.
Hiranyagarbha (Hiranya hai garbha jiska - Brahma)
Grammar Logic: The compound refers to the primordial creator Brahma, born of the golden cosmic egg.
Peetambaradharee (Peela vastra dharan karne wale - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: The compound exclusively designates Lord Krishna/Vishnu who adorns lustrous yellow silk garments.
Radharamana (Radha ke sath raman karne wale - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: Both terms designate Lord Krishna as the divine beloved of Radha.
Kansari (Kansa ke ari hain jo - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies Lord Krishna as the vanquisher and nemesis (ari) of tyrant Kansa.
Vasudeva (Vasudev ke putra - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: This patronymic name is universally conventionalized for Lord Krishna, son of Vasudeva.
Haladhara (Hal ko dharan karne wale - Balaram)
Grammar Logic: The compound designates Balarama, who uniquely carries the plough (hala) as his weapon.
Madanmohana (Madan ko mohit karne wale - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: The compound refers to Lord Krishna whose supreme divine grace enchants even Kamadeva (Madan).
Gopinatha (Gopiyon ke nath - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: The compound specifically signifies Lord Krishna as the beloved sovereign of the Gopis.
Kaushalyanandana (Kaushalya ke nandan - Rama)
Grammar Logic: The epithet refers to Lord Rama as the eldest, beloved son of Queen Kaushalya.
Raghupatee (Raghu kul ke pati - Rama)
Grammar Logic: This title is universally conventionalized for Lord Rama as head of the Raghu lineage.
Janakeenatha (Janaki ke nath - Rama)
Grammar Logic: The compound indicates Lord Rama as the husband and protector of Janaki (Sita).
Kharari (Khara ke ari - Rama)
Grammar Logic: The compound refers to Lord Rama as the vanquisher of the demon Khara in Dandaka forest.
Lankapati (Lanka ke pati - Ravana)
Grammar Logic: The compound indicates Ravana as the demon king and sovereign of golden Lanka.
Dashagreeva (Das hain greevaayein jiski - Ravana)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies ten-necked demon king Ravana.
Maarutee (Marut ke putra - Hanuman)
Grammar Logic: This patronymic title is universally conventionalized for Lord Hanuman, son of the wind god (Marut).
Anjaneeputra (Anjani ke putra - Hanuman)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies Lord Hanuman as the valiant son of mother Anjani.
Sooryaputra (Surya ke putra - Karna/Yamraj)
Grammar Logic: The compound denotes legendary hero Karna (or Yama/Shani), begotten of the Sun deity.
Dhananjaya (Dhan ko jeetne wale - Arjuna)
Grammar Logic: The epithet is conventionalized for Arjuna, who conquered vast wealth in military campaigns.
Gandeevadharee (Gandeeva dharan karne wale - Arjuna)
Grammar Logic: The compound designates third Pandava Arjuna who wields the celestial bow Gandiva.
Parthasarathi (Partha ke sarathi - Krishna)
Grammar Logic: The title designates Lord Krishna who assumed the role of charioteer to Partha (Arjuna).
Dharmaraja (Dharma ke raja - Yudhishthira/Yama)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies righteous king Yudhishthira (or Lord Yama) who personifies divine justice.
Vrikodara (Vrik ke saman udar jiska - Bhima)
Grammar Logic: This epithet is exclusively conventionalized for the second Pandava Bhima of wolf-like appetite.
Shatakratu (Sau yajna kiye hain jisne - Indra)
Grammar Logic: The title designates king of celestials Indra, who completed one hundred sacred imperial sacrifices.
Amarapati (Amaron ke pati - Indra)
Grammar Logic: The compound signifies Lord Indra as the sovereign ruler of the immortal gods (Amara).
Devaraja (Devon ke raja - Indra)
Grammar Logic: This title is conventionalized for Lord Indra as the reigning monarch of the celestial beings.
Dhanada (Dhan ko dene wale - Kubera)
Grammar Logic: The compound designates celestial treasurer Kubera, the divine granter of material riches.
Yaksharaja (Yakshon ke raja - Kubera)
Grammar Logic: The title designates Lord Kubera as monarch of the Yakshas and ruler of Alakapuri.
Shailasuta (Shaila ki suta - Parvati)
Grammar Logic: The title is conventionalized for Goddess Parvati as the daughter of mountain king Himalaya.
Girija (Giri se utpanna - Parvati)
Grammar Logic: The epithet signifies Goddess Parvati, born of the majestic mountain ranges (Giri).
Patajhad (Jhadte hain patte jis ritu mein - Autumn)
Grammar Logic: The falling of foliage signifies the specific climatic autumnal season (Autumn/Fall).
Jitendriya (Jeet li hain indriyan jisne - Sanyasi)
Grammar Logic: The compound designates an enlightened master who has conquered his sensory organs.
Kritakarya (Krit kar liya hai karya jisne - Safal vyakti)
Grammar Logic: The compound indicates an accomplished person who has attained his intended objective.
Sulochana (Sundar hain lochan jiske - Meghnada's wife)
Grammar Logic: The compound designates a fair-eyed maiden or specifically Sulochana, the chaste consort of Meghnada.