Grammar Logic: The first element "do" (two) is a numeral adjective denoting the collective midpoint of the day (two praharas).
द्विगु समास
Dvigu Samas (Numeral Aggregative Compound)
Second element dominant with first element being a numeral adjective denoting aggregate
परिभाषा एवं स्वरूप (Definition & Concept)
जिस समास का पहला पद (पूर्व पद) संख्यावाचक विशेषण हो तथा समस्त पद किसी समूह (समाहार) का बोध कराता हो, उसे द्विगु समास कहते हैं।
A compound where the first element is a numeral adjective and the entire compound denotes a collection, group, or aggregate (samahar) of items.
द्विगु समास के प्रमुख उपभेद व नियम
1. समाहार द्विगु समास
विग्रह में "... का समूह" या "... का समाहार"Aggregate Dvigu
जब संख्यावाचक शब्द मिलकर किसी वस्तु, व्यक्ति या स्थान के निश्चित समूह का बोध कराते हैं।
पहचान की अचूक ट्रिक (Instant Shortcut Method)
पहला पद हमेशा कोई निश्चित संख्या (द्वि, त्रि, चतुर्/चौ, पंच, षट्, सप्त, अष्ट, नव, शत आदि) बताएगा और विग्रह के अंत में अनिवार्य रूप से "का समूह" या "का समाहार" आएगा।
The first word is unequivocally a numeral (dvi, tri, chatur/chau, pancha, sapta, ashta, nava, shat, etc.) and the expansion always concludes with "kaa samooh" or "kaa samahar" (a collection of).
सामान्य भ्रम एवं सावधानियाँ (Common Pitfalls & Exam Traps)
- द्विगु और बहुव्रीहि में भ्रम: संख्यावाचक पद होने पर भी यदि समस्त पद किसी तीसरे विशेष अर्थ (रूढ़ अर्थ) का बोध कराए, तो वह बहुव्रीहि होगा (जैसे- "दशानन" = दस आननों वाला अर्थात रावण; "त्रिनेत्र" = तीन नेत्र हैं जिसके अर्थात शिव)। सामान्य समूह होने पर ही द्विगु होता है (जैसे- चौराहा, दोपहर)।
- द्विगु और द्वंद्व में भ्रम: "इकतीस" (एक और तीस) द्वंद्व समास है, द्विगु नहीं; क्योंकि इसमें दो संख्याओं का योग है, समूह नहीं।
परीक्षा विशेष टिप्स (Board & Competitive Exam Notes)
प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में द्विगु बनाम बहुव्रीहि (जैसे चतुर्भुज, दशानन, त्रिनेत्र, पंचानन) का अंतर बार-बार परखा जाता है। सामान्य समूहवाची अर्थ में ही द्विगु मान्य होता है।
द्विगु समास के प्रमुख सामासिक पद व विग्रह (102)
दोराहा
Doraha (Do raahon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "do" (two) defines an aggregate junction where two paths diverge.
दुपट्टा
Dupatta (Do paaton ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "du-" (two) combined with "patta" (widths of cloth) denotes a traditional two-breadth scarf.
दुनाली
Dunaali (Do naalon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "du-" (two) specifies a weapon having a pair of barrels (double-barreled gun).
दुमंजिला
Dumanzila (Do manzilon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "du-" (two) modifies storeys, denoting a two-storeyed building.
द्विपद
Dvipad (Do padon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "dvi" (two) denotes an aggregate entity with two feet or two poetic verses (biped/couplet).
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri" (three) joins with "phala" (fruits) to indicate the traditional herbal combination of three fruits.
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri" (three) joins with sides (bhuja) to form a geometric aggregate of three sides (triangle).
त्रिलोक
Trilok (Teen lokon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri" (three) specifies the collective aggregate of the three realms of the universe.
त्रिकाल
Trikaal (Teen kaalon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "tri" (three) defines the collective totality of past, present, and future time.
त्रिवेणी
Triveni (Teen veniyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri" (three) joins streams (veni) to designate the aggregate holy confluence of three sacred rivers.
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri" (three) defines the collective trinity of spiritual jewels (e.g., in Jainism: Right Faith, Knowledge, Conduct).
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri" (three) modifies angles (kon), denoting a geometrical aggregate of three angles.
त्रिमूर्ति
Trimurti (Teen murtiyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri" (three) designates the collective triad of cosmic deities (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva).
तिराहा
Tiraha (Teen raahon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "ti-" (three) denotes a junction where three roads converge.
त्रिपिटक
Tripitak (Teen pitakon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri" (three) defines the canonical collection of three baskets of Buddhist scriptures (Tipitaka).
त्रिशूल
Trishool (Teen shoolon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri" (three) combined with spikes (shoola) denotes a three-pronged spear/trident aggregate.
चौराहा
Chauraha (Chaar raahon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The first element "chau" (four) is a numeral adjective and the compound denotes an aggregate intersection of four roads.
चौमासा
Chaumaasa (Chaar maason ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chau-" (four) modifies months (maasa), denoting the four rainy months of monsoon (Chaturmas).
चौपाई
Chaupai (Chaar padon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chau-" (four) combines with feet/lines (pai) to designate the four-line poetic meter in Hindi.
चौपड़
Chaupad (Chaar padon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chau-" (four) refers to the traditional cross-and-circle board game of four arms.
चौकोर
Chakor (Chaar koron ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "chau-" (four) joins with corners (kor), signifying a square or four-cornered shape.
चतुर्दिक
Chaturdik (Charon dishaon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "chatur" (four) unites with cardinal directions (dik), denoting all four directions collectively.
चतुर्युग
Chaturyug (Chaar yugon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "chatur" (four) denotes the cosmic cycle of four great epochs (Satya, Treta, Dvapara, and Kali).
चतुर्वेद
Chaturved (Chaar vedon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "chatur" (four) specifies the collective totality of the four sacred Vedas.
चतुष्कोण
Chatushkon (Chaar konon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chatush-" (four) combines with angles (kona), forming a quadrangle aggregate.
पंचवटी
Panchavati (Paanch vaton ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) combines with banyan trees (vata) to designate an aggregate grove of five banyans.
पंचतंत्र
Panchatantra (Paanch tantron ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) unites with treatises (tantra) to denote the five books of moral fables by Vishnu Sharma.
पंचामृत
Panchamrit (Paanch amrit-roopi dravyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) designates the sacred aggregate concoction of five nectars used in rituals.
पंचतत्व
Panchatattva (Paanch tattvon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) denotes the collective aggregate of the five primal elements of nature.
पंचपात्र
Panchapatra (Paanch paatron ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) modifies vessels (patra), denoting an aggregate set of five ritual utensils.
पंचरत्न
Pancharatna (Paanch ratnon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "pancha" (five) specifies a collective group of five precious gems.
पंचप्रयाग
Panchprayog (Paanch prayagon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) defines the aggregate sacred confluences along the Alaknanda river in Uttarakhand.
पंचायत
Panchayat (Paanch panchon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The root "pancha" (five) forms an aggregate council of five elder arbiters (Gram Panchayat).
पंचगव्य
Panchgavya (Paanch gavyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha" (five) defines the collective combination of five bovine products used in traditional purification.
षड्रस
Shatras (Chhah rason ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "shat" (six) combines with flavors (rasa) to denote the aggregate of six Ayurvedic dietary tastes.
Grammar Logic: The prefix "shat" (six) modifies angles (kona), creating a geometric hexagon aggregate.
षडंग
Shadanga (Chhah angon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "shat" (six) designates the six auxiliary limbs of Vedic study or traditional Indian painting.
षड्दर्शन
Shaddarshan (Chhah darshanon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "shat" (six) denotes the six orthodox schools of classical Indian philosophy.
छमाही
Chhamahi (Chhah maahon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "chha" (six) joins with months, denoting a half-yearly or six-month period/examination.
सप्तर्षि
Saptarshi (Saat rishiyon ka samooh)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "sapta" (seven) modifies rishis, denoting the celestial constellation of the Seven Sages (Ursa Major).
सप्ताह
Saptah (Saat ahnon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "sapta" (seven) combines with days (ahan) to form the aggregate unit of a week.
सतसई
Satsai (Saat sau dohon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral compound "sat" (seven) and "sai" (hundred) denotes an aggregate anthology of seven hundred couplets.
सप्तपदी
Saptapadi (Saat padon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "sapta" (seven) modifies steps (padi), denoting the seven sacred marital steps taken around the holy fire.
सप्तसिंधु
Saptasindhu (Saat sindhuon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "sapta" (seven) unites with rivers (sindhu) to denote the ancient land of seven rivers in the Rigveda.
सप्तस्वर
Saptaswar (Saat swaron ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "sapta" (seven) defines the aggregate musical octave of seven primary musical notes.
अष्टाध्यायी
Ashtadhyayi (Aath adhyayon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "ashta" (eight) joins with chapters (adhyaya) to denote Panini's eight-chapter Sanskrit grammar treatise.
अष्टधातु
Ashtadhatu (Aath dhaatuon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "ashta" (eight) modifies metals (dhaatu), denoting the traditional octo-alloy used for sacred idols.
अठन्नी
Athanni (Aath aanon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "ath-" (eight) combines with annas, representing an aggregate coin of eight annas (fifty paise).
अष्टसिद्धि
Ashtasiddhi (Aath siddhiyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "ashta" (eight) denotes the aggregate attainment of eight supernatural yogic faculties.
अष्टछाप
Ashtachhap (Aath kavi-bhakton ka samooh)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "ashta" (eight) designates the elite fraternity of eight medieval Vaishnav devotional poets led by Surdas.
Grammar Logic: The prefix "nava" (nine) specifies the collective count of precious gems or court luminaries.
नवरात्रि
Navaratri (Nau raatriyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "nava" (nine) joins with nights (ratri), designating the aggregate nine-night festival of Shakti.
नवग्रह
Navagraha (Nau grahon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "nava" (nine) denotes the aggregate system of nine astrological celestial bodies.
नवरस
Navaras (Nau rason ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "nava" (nine) specifies the collective aesthetic aggregate of nine primary emotions in classical poetry.
Grammar Logic: The numeral "dasha" (ten) denotes an aggregate decade period of ten years.
शताब्दी
Shatabdi (Sau varshon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "shat" (hundred) combines with years (abda) to denote an aggregate century of one hundred years.
Grammar Logic: The numeral "shat" (hundred) denotes an aggregate century of a hundred runs, verses, or items.
Grammar Logic: The initial component "du-" signifies the numeral two, forming a collective denomination of two annas.
चवन्नी
Chavanni (Chaar aano ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chav-" represents the number four, denoting a collective unit of four annas.
चौपाल
Chaupal (Chaar paalon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numerical prefix "chau-" (four) signifies the village common meeting square (four-pillar gathering).
चौमुखा
Chaumukha (Chaar mukhon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chau-" indicates the number four, representing a collection of four facets/wicks.
चौखट
Chaukhat (Chaar kaathon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeric prefix "chau-" (four) represents the four wooden beams framing a doorway.
चौगुनी
Chaugunee (Chaar gune ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chau-" (four) denotes a four-fold magnitude or four-fold measure in collective sense.
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "du-" denotes a twofold collective increment in magnitude.
Grammar Logic: The numeral "du-" (two) denotes the midpoint of the day after two watches (pahars) elapse.
द्विमासिक
Dwimasik (Do maason ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit prefix "dwi-" (two) marks a collective two-month bi-monthly period.
द्विवार्षिक
Dwi-varshik (Do varshon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "dwi-" (two) specifies a collective biennial period spanning two years.
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "dwi-" represents a two-party political collective framework.
तिमंजिला
Timanjila (Teen manjilon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "ti-" denotes the number three, representing a collective three-storey architectural unit.
तिपहिया
Tipahiya (Teen pahiyon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "ti-" signifies the numeral three, denoting a three-wheeled vehicle collective.
तिमाही
Timahi (Teen maahon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "ti-" (three) represents a quarterly block of three months.
त्रयोदशी
Trayodashi (Terahvin tithi ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit numeral "trayodash" (thirteen) marks the thirteenth lunar day in traditional calendars.
त्रिगुण
Triguna (Teen gunon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "tri-" (three) represents the triad of nature's primordial attributes (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas).
त्रिदोष
Tridosha (Teen doshon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri-" denotes the three Ayurvedic bodily humours (Vata, Pitta, Kapha).
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit prefix "tri-" marks a collective quarterly three-month timespan.
त्रिभुवन
Tribhuvana (Teen bhuvano ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri-" (three) designates the collective triad of cosmological realms (Tribhuvana).
त्रिसंध्या
Trisandhya (Teen sandhyaon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri-" (three) indicates the daily triad of prayer transitions (dawn, noon, dusk).
त्रिसूत्री
Trisootri (Teen sootron ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "tri-" forms a collective framework comprising three fundamental tenets (Trisootri).
चतुर्मास
Chaturmasa (Chaar maason ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit prefix "chatur-" (four) designates the four-month rainy spiritual period.
चतुर्भुज (ज्यामिति)
Chaturbhuja (Chaar bhujaon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: In a geometric context, "chatur-" denotes a polygon collective composed of four sides (quadrilateral).
चतुर्वर्ण
Chaturvarna (Chaar varnon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chatur-" (four) represents the traditional societal fourfold institutional orders.
चतुष्पद
Chatushpada (Chaar padon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chatus-" indicates the number four, referring to quadrupeds possessing four feet.
चौहददी
Chauhaddee (Chaar hadon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "chau-" (four) specifies the collective perimeter borders along four directions of a property.
चौमुहानी
Chaumuhanee (Chaar muhaanon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral prefix "chau-" (four) denotes a traffic junction where four roads converge.
पंचशती
Panchashatee (Paanch sau ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "pancha-" (five) joins "shati" (hundred) to signify a quincentennial five-hundred unit.
पंचकन्या
Panchakanya (Paanch kanyaan ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha-" (five) forms a revered group designating the five epic heroines.
पंचकोशी
Panchakoshee (Paanch koshon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "pancha-" (five) denotes a collective pilgrimage trail measuring five kos distance.
पंचपल्लव
Panchapallava (Paanch pallavon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "pancha-" marks the ritual grouping of sacred leaves harvested from five auspicious trees.
पंचप्राण
Panchaprana (Paanch praanon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "pancha-" (five) describes the vital life-force triad of five yogic breath energies.
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit numeral "shad-" (six) represents the annual cycle of six meteorological seasons.
षोडशी
Shodashi (Solah ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "shodash" (sixteen) marks a collective sixteen-year youth threshold.
सप्ताहांत
Saptahaant (Saptah ke ant ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: Rooted in the seven-day unit "saptaha", this compound represents the collective closing days of the week.
सप्तद्वीप
Saptadweep (Saat dweepon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "sapta-" (seven) designates the collective assemblage of the world's seven continents/islands.
सप्तशती
Saptashatee (Saat sau ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numeral "sapta-" coupled with "shati" indicates a liturgical text collection of seven hundred verses.
अष्टांग
Ashtanga (Aath angon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit prefix "ashta-" marks the eightfold limb collective forming classical Patanjali yoga.
Grammar Logic: The prefix "ashta-" indicates an octagonal geometric plane composed of eight angles.
अष्टदल
Ashtadala (Aath dalon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The numerical "ashta-" marks an eight-petalled lotus design collective utilized in sacred geometric mandalas.
नवदुर्गा
Navadurga (Nau Durga roopon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "nava-" indicates the collective nine holy manifestations of Goddess Durga worshipped during Navratri.
नवपल्लव
Navapallava (Nau pallavon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The prefix "nava-" denotes nine new sprout leaves springing forth in seasonal regeneration.
दशाब्दी
Dashabdee (Das abdon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit numeral "dasha-" (ten) combined with "abda" (years) marks a collective decade timespan.
सहस्राब्दी
Sahasrabdee (Sahasra abdon ka samahar)
Grammar Logic: The Sanskrit numerical "sahasra-" denotes a millennial era spanning one thousand years.