🎭9 प्रमुख रस← सभी रस देखें

Classical Navras (Nine Core Sentiments)शास्त्रीय नवरस — लक्षण, स्थायी भाव एवं प्रामाणिक उदाहरण

भरतमुनि के नाट्यशास्त्र एवं आचार्य अभिनवगुप्त द्वारा प्रतिष्ठित 9 मौलिक काव्य-रस जो मानवीय चित्त के मूल स्थायी भावों पर आधारित हैं।

📜 ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि (Historical Context):

नाट्यशास्त्र में भरतमुनि ने मूल रूप से 8 रसों का उल्लेख किया था। बाद में आचार्य उद्भट एवं अभिनवगुप्त ने शांत रस को जोड़कर "नवरस" की सार्वकालिक अवधारणा स्थापित की।

शास्त्रीय नवरस के सभी 9 रस

कक्षा 9-10, 11-12 एवं प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं हेतु
Showing 1–9 of 9 entries
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#shringar-ras

Shringar Ras (Erotic / Romantic Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Rati (Love / Romantic Attraction)

शृंगार रस • रति (प्रेम)

Shringar Ras, known as Rasaraja (the King of Rasas), embodies the aesthetic experience of romantic love and mutual attraction between lovers. It arises from the permanent emotion of Rati (amorous affection) through scenes of union (Samyoga) or longing and separation (Viyoga / Vipralambha).

Authentic Verse Example:

"बतरस लालच लाल की, मुरली धरी लुकाय। सौंह करैं, भौंहनु हँसै, दैन कहैं, नटि जाय॥"

In this couplet by Bihari, the Gopis hide Krishna’s flute out of greed to engage him in conversation. When he asks for it, they swear innocence yet smile mischievously with their eyebrows, refusing to return it. This playful banter evokes exquisite Samyoga Shringara (romantic union).

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: गोपियाँ / नायक-नायिका; विषय: श्रीकृष्ण / प्रियतम
Sanchari Bhav:हर्ष, लज्जा (व्रीड़ा), उत्सुकता, चपलता, अभिलाषा, स्मृति, उन्माद
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for themes of romantic love, physical beauty, flirtatious glances, union, or painful separation between lovers.
2 Main SubtypesFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#hasya-ras

Hasya Ras (Comic / Humorous Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Haas (Laughter / Mirth)

हास्य रस • हास (हँसी / आमोद)

Hasya Ras represents the comic sentiment born from mirth and laughter (Haas). It is triggered by eccentric appearances, distorted clothing, comical physical postures, absurd behavior, witty sarcasm, or ridiculous speech.

Authentic Verse Example:

"सीस पर गंगा हसैं, भुजनि भुजंगा हसैं, हास ही को दंगा भयो नंगा के बिवाह में।"

Padmakar humorously portrays Lord Shiva’s unconventional wedding procession: Ganga laughs atop his head, serpents chuckle around his arms, and uncontrollable mirth overtakes everyone seeing the ascetic bridegroom.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: हँसने वाला व्यक्ति/पाठक; विषय: विचित्र वेशभूषा, बेडौल आकृति या हास्यास्पद हरकत करने वाला पात्र
Sanchari Bhav:हर्ष, चपलता, उत्सुकता, निद्रा-भंग, उत्सुकता, विस्मय
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for absurdities, satire, comic imagery, parody, or funny human predicaments that evoke spontaneous laughter.
2 Main SubtypesFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#karun-ras

Karun Ras (Pathetic / Compassionate / Sorrowful Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Shok (Sorrow / Grief / Deep Loss)

करुण रस • शोक (दुःख / विषाद)

Karun Ras embodies deep pathos, tragedy, and heart-wrenching sorrow (Shok). It is evoked by irrecoverable loss, such as the demise of a loved one, complete ruin, or irreversible suffering where no hope of reunion remains.

Authentic Verse Example:

"दुख ही जीवन की कथा रही, क्या कहूँ आज, जो नहीं कही!"

In this haunting line from Saroj-Smriti, Nirala reflects on the relentless tragedies of his life and the premature death of his daughter Saroj. His raw, unvarnished grief evokes profound Karun Ras.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: दुःखी व्यक्ति / पाठक; विषय: मृत प्रियजन, दीन-हीन पीड़ित व्यक्ति, विनष्ट कुल
Sanchari Bhav:निर्वेद, ग्लानि, दैन्य, विषाद, मोह, स्मृति, जड़ता, उन्माद
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for themes of death, irreversible bereavement, weeping, funerals, and tragic ruin with no hope of recovery.
1 Main SubtypesFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#raudra-ras

Raudra Ras (Furious / Wrathful Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Krodha (Wrath / Fury / Intense Anger)

रौद्र रस • क्रोध (कोप / अमर्ष)

Raudra Ras is the sentiment of intense fury and righteous indignation (Krodha). It arises in response to insult, injustice, treason, blasphemy, or the atrocities of an arrogant enemy, demanding fiery retribution.

Authentic Verse Example:

"श्रीकृष्ण के सुन वचन अर्जुन क्षोभ से जलने लगे। सब शील अपना भूल कर करतल युगल मलने लगे॥"

Hearing Krishna recount the deceitful slaying of young Abhimanyu, Arjuna burns with consuming wrath, forgetting all gentle composure and wringing his hands in furious vengeance.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: क्रुद्ध व्यक्ति (जैसे अर्जुन, परशुराम); विषय: अन्यायी शत्रु, दुष्ट, अपमानकर्ता (जैसे जयद्रथ, लक्ष्मण)
Sanchari Bhav:अमर्ष (असहनशीलता), उग्रता, गर्व, चपलता, स्मृति, आवेग
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for themes of fiery revenge, red eyes, gnashing teeth, drawing weapons in fury, and wrathful declarations.
1 Main SubtypesFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#veer-ras

Veer Ras (Heroic / Valorous Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Utsaha (Energy / Courage / Heroic Zeal)

वीर रस • उत्साह (पराक्रम / शौर्य)

Veer Ras embodies the heroic spirit driven by noble enthusiasm (Utsaha). It celebrates chivalry, unwavering bravery in battle, boundless generosity (Danavira), supreme compassion (Dayavira), and unshakeable righteousness (Dharmavira).

Authentic Verse Example:

"बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी॥"

Subhadra Kumari Chauhan honors Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi battling foreign invaders with fiery valor. The rhythmic meter inspires martial courage and patriotic zeal, epitomizing Veer Ras.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: वीर योद्धा, त्यागी पुरुष, देशप्रेमी; विषय: शत्रु सेना, अधर्मी, याचक (दानवीर में), दुःखी जन (दयावीर में)
Sanchari Bhav:धृति (धैर्य), गर्व, हर्ष, मति, असूया, आवेग, चपलता
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for martial drums, battle cries, unflinching sacrifice for motherland, shining swords, and noble chivalry.
4 Main SubtypesFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 11-12
#bhayanak-ras

Bhayanak Ras (Terrifying / Dreadful / Fearful Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Bhaya (Fear / Dread / Terror)

भयानक रस • भय (डर / संत्रास)

Bhayanak Ras is the sentiment of terror and overwhelming dread (Bhaya). It is evoked by encounters with deadly predators, ferocious monsters, roaring abysses, cataclysms, or inescapable imminent danger.

Authentic Verse Example:

"एक ओर अजगरहि लखि, एक ओर मृगराय। बिकल बटोही बीच ही, परयो मूरछा खाय॥"

A lone traveler finds a python on one side and a roaring lion on the other. Facing inescapable doom from both flanks, terror paralyzes him and he collapses in a dead faint, vividly depicting Bhayanak Ras.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: भयभीत व्यक्ति (यात्री/सैनिक/पाठक); विषय: भयानक अजगर, सिंह, दानव, श्मशान, भयंकर गर्जना, हिंसक शत्रु
Sanchari Bhav:शंका, त्रास, मोह, दैन्य, संभ्रम, मरण, चिंता, ग्लानि
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for shivering, fainting from terror, cold sweat, dark haunted forests, beasts, and impending doom.
Standard CharacteristicsFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 11-12
#beebhats-ras

Beebhats Ras (Odious / Disgustful / Revolting Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Jugupsa (Disgust / Revulsion / Aversion)

बीभत्स रस • जुगुप्सा (घृणा / घिन)

Beebhats Ras awakens intense aesthetic disgust and visceral revulsion (Jugupsa). It is induced by descriptions of rotting corpses, oozing pus, entrails, vultures tearing flesh, scavenging hyenas, and repulsively vile environments.

Authentic Verse Example:

"सिर पर बैठ्यो काग, आँख दोउ खात निकारत। खींचत जीभहिं स्यार, अतिहि आनंद उर धारत॥"

Bharatendu Harishchandra depicts a gruesome cremation ground where a crow pecks out eyeballs from a corpse, jackals rip out the tongue, and vultures gnaw flesh, eliciting visceral revulsion (Beebhatsa).

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: दृश्य देखने या पढ़ने वाला व्यक्ति; विषय: सड़ती हुई लाशें, बहता रक्त-पीब, विष्ठा, चर्बी, दुर्गंधयुक्त शव
Sanchari Bhav:ग्लानि, मोह, व्याधि, अपस्मार, विषाद, आवेग, निर्वेद
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for repulsive descriptions of rotting entrails, scavenging beasts tearing cadavers, festering wounds, and nausea.
Standard CharacteristicsFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#adbhut-ras

Adbhut Ras (Marvelous / Wondrous / Astonishing Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Vismaya (Wonder / Astonishment / Awe)

अद्भुत रस • विस्मय (आश्चर्य / अचंभा)

Adbhut Ras captures the thrilling aesthetic sensation of awe, wonder, and enchantment (Vismaya). It is evoked by encountering supernatural marvels, unfathomable cosmic visions, magical phenomena, or mind-boggling paradoxes.

Authentic Verse Example:

"देखि जसोदा सिसु मुख माहीं, अद्भुत रूप अखंड। रोम रोम प्रति लागे कोटि कोटि ब्रह्मंड॥"

When infant Krishna opens his mouth to prove he has not eaten mud, Yashoda gazes inside to witness the infinite cosmic panorama with countless galaxies and universes revolving inside the child’s palate, freezing her in stunned awe.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: विस्मयकारी दृश्य देखने वाला (यशोदा / दर्शक); विषय: अलौकिक दृश्य (श्रीकृष्ण का विश्वरूप, जादुई घटना)
Sanchari Bhav:हर्ष, मोह, भ्रांति, आवेग, जड़ता, उत्सुकता, वितर्क
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for mind-bending marvels, cosmic revelations, miracles, gaping mouths, and wide-eyed awe.
Standard CharacteristicsFull Characteristics & Examples→
Classical NavrasClass 9-10
#shant-ras

Shant Ras (Peaceful / Tranquil / Serene Sentiment)

Permanent Emotion: Nirveda (Tranquility / Detachment / Serenity)

शांत रस • निर्वेद (शम / वैराग्य / वीतरागता)

Shant Ras represents sublime spiritual peace and equanimity (Nirveda). It arises when the illusion and impermanence of worldly attachments dissolve in supreme spiritual realization, bestowing serene freedom from desires.

Authentic Verse Example:

"मन रे परसि हरि के चरन। सुभग सीतल कमल कोमल, त्रिबिध-ज्वाला-हरन॥"

Sant Mirabai urges the restless mind to take refuge at the feet of the Divine, which are cooling, fragrant like tender lotuses, and capable of extinguishing the threefold worldly agonies, instilling deep spiritual calm.

Alamban (Object):आश्रय: मुमुक्षु (मोक्ष-अभिलाषी), साधक, कवि; विषय: ईश्वर का स्वरूप, संसार की नश्वरता, पवित्र तीर्थ स्थल, आश्रम
Sanchari Bhav:हर्ष, स्मृति, मति, धृति, विबोध, निर्वेद, दैन्य
💡 Recognition Tip:Look for themes of detachment from worldly illusions, inner stillness, impermanence of life, and contemplative serenity.
Standard CharacteristicsFull Characteristics & Examples→